LAND-USE EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND POROSITY IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/eijaer.v12i2.133Keywords:
Soil respiration, Land use, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Soil porosityAbstract
Land-use change can modify soil carbon dynamics by altering soil temperature, moisture, structure, and biological activity. This study evaluated the effects of contrasting agricultural land-use systems on soil CO₂ emissions, soil moisture, soil temperature, bulk density, and porosity. A total of 120 observations were considered across cropland, orchard, grassland, and fallow land. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to assess differences among land uses and identify major predictors of soil CO₂ emissions. Cropland recorded the highest mean CO₂ emission, soil temperature, and bulk density, whereas grassland showed the highest soil moisture and porosity. Land-use effects were statistically significant for all measured variables. Soil CO₂ emission was positively correlated with soil temperature, moisture, and bulk density and negatively correlated with porosity. Regression analysis explained 64% of the variation in CO₂ emission, with soil temperature emerging as the strongest continuous predictor, followed by soil moisture, while porosity showed a negative effect. Land-use category remained significant after adjustment for soil conditions. These findings indicate that soil CO₂ emissions are jointly controlled by land management, soil microclimate, and physical structure, emphasizing the need for integrated soil-management strategies in sustainable agricultural landscapes.
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