REGRESSION MODEL OF TOPOGRAPHY WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES IN NORTHEAST AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v1i1.2Keywords:
regression model, topography, Northeast Akwa StateAbstract
Regression model of topography with the distribution of selected soil properties in Northeast Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was carried out. The aim was to establish a regression model of topography with the distribution of selected soil properties in Northeast Akwa Ibom State for soil properties predictions and management. Topographic map (or elevation map) of the study area was generated from digital elevation model (DEM) at 30m resolution acquired from United State Geological Survey (USGS). It was classified into three elevation classes of lower elevation (0-50 masl), middle elevation (50-100 masl) and higher elevation (100-150 masl) to guide field sampling. With the aid of Global Positioning System (GPS), the classes obtained from topographic map were cross-checked (ground-truthing) in the field. Modified Conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling Method was used in selecting observation points. Each observation point was purposively selected to fall within the classes of topographic map to give a good coverage of both feature space (classes of topographic map) and geographical space (study area). A total of 120 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30cm and 30-60 cm using soil auger. The samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis. The results revealed variation in soil properties among the three topographic classes under study. Sand fraction was significantly higher (p > 0.05) in lower elevation than other elevation classes while silt and clay fractions were significantly higher (p > 0.05) in the middle and higher elevations than lower elevation in the study area. Soil pH was significantly higher (p > 0.05) (slightly acid) in the lower elevation than middle and higher elevations (moderately acid). Electrical conductivity and base saturation were significantly higher (p > 0.05) in the lower elevation than middle and higher elevations. Organic carbon, total N, ECEC, exchangeable Mg and exchangeable K were significantly higher (p > 0.05) in the middle elevation than that of lower and higher elevations. Available P of higher elevation was significantly higher (p > 0.05) than that of lower and middle elevations. The study also showed that topography accounted for 3 % variation of sand and silt fractions; 5 % variation of clay fraction and 4 % variation of soil pH. Topography also explained 19 % variation of available P, 8.4 % variation of exchangeable K and 5.5 % variation of organic carbon and total N in the study area. The remaining fractions of variation may be attributed to other factors of soil formation such as parent material, climate, organism and time.
References
Aweto, A.O. and Enaruvbe, G. O. (2010). Catenary variation of soil properties under oil palm plantation in South Western Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, Vol.3 No.1: 48-59.
Carter, B. J.; Ward, P.A. and Shannon, J.T. (1990). Soil and geomorphic evolution within the rolling red plains using pleistocene volcanic ash deposits. Geomorphology 3: 471-485
Cook, S.E.; Corner, R.J.; Groves, P.R. and Grealish, G.J. (1996). Use of gamma radiometric data for soil mapping. Aust. Jo. Soil Res., 34:183-194
Emadi, M., Baghemejad, M., Fathi, H., and Saffari, M. (2008). Effect of landuse change on selected soil physical and chemical properties in North Highlands of Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(3): 496-502.
Esu, I. E. (2010). Soil Characterization, Classification, and Survey. HEBN Publishers,
Plc, Ibadan, Nigeria. 232
Esu, I. E., Akpan-Idiok, A. U. and Eyong, M. O. (2008). Characterization and classification of soils along a typical Hillslope in Afikpo Area of Ebonyi State. Nigerian Journal of Soil and Environment, 8: 1-6.
Gray, J.; Bishop, T.; Smith, P.; Robinson, N and Brough, O. (2012). A Pragmatic
Quantitative Model for Soil Carbon Distribution in Eastern Australia. In:
Minansy, Malone and McBratney (eds.).Digital Soil Assessments and
a. Beyond.Taylor and Francis Group, London. 978
Lawal, B.A., Tsado, P.A., Eze, P.C., Idefoh, K.K., Zaki, A.A. and Kolawole, S.
a. (2014). Effect of slope positions on some properties of soils under a
b. Tectona grandis Plantation in Minna, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.
c. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry Vol. 1(2):
d. 37-43
Kravchenko, A. N. (2002). Influence of spatial structure on accuracy of interpolation methods. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67 (5), 1564-1571.
Obi, J. C. (2015). Prediction of Characteristics of Coastal Plain Soils Using Terrain Attributes. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension 14 (3), 22-26.
Oku, E., Essoka A. and Thomas, E (2010). Variability in soil properties along an Udalf topsequence in the Humid Forest Zone of Nigeria. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 44: 564 - 573
Moor, I.D.; Gessler, P.E.; Nielson, G.A. and Peterson, G.A.(1993). Soil attributes prediction using terrain analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57: 443-452
Nelson, M .J., and Sommers, L.E. (1996). Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. In: Page, L.A., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methods (2nd ed.). American Society of Agronomy. Madison, W.I: 539-579.
Petters, S.W.; Usoro E.J.; Udo, E.J.; Obot, U.W. and Okpon S.N. (1989). Akwa Ibom
State Physical Background, Soils and Landuse. The Taskforce on Soils and
a. Landuse. Govt. Printer Uyo. 602.
Shary, P. A., Kuryakova, G. A. and Florinsky, I. V. (1991). On an international experience of topographic methods application in landscape studies (a concise review). Ibid: 13-27.
Thomas, G. W. (1996). Soil pH and Soil Acidity. In: Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., Johnson, C. T. and Summer, M. E. (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods. American Society of Agronomy, Maidson, W.I:: 475-490.
Udo, E. J.; Ibia, T. O.; Ogunwala, T. A.; Ano, A. O and Esu, I. E (2009). Manual of
Soil Plant and Water Analysis. Sibon Books Publishers Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria.
a. 183.
Ufot, U. O., Nwoke, F. N. and Ugwu, T. O. (2001). Properties, classification and site suitability evaluation of some wetland soils of Abakaliki, Nigeria. In: 27th Annual Conference of Soil Science society of Nigeria. Calabar, Cross Rivers State: 8-9.
Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D., (2002). Modern applied statistics, (4th Edition). New York: Springer-Verlag, 481.
